Invisible Man Essay

Portrayal of Women In Invisible Man women were primarily given the role of prostitutes, caregivers and sex objects that presented them as inferior to men. The author fails to reflect on the struggles of women in the novel but encourages reflecting on the struggles of black males. In Invisible Man, written by Ralph Ellison, women are intensely stereotyped by the author and could also be characterized as â€Å"invisible† based on the author’s description of the main character and his experiences in the novel. White women in the novel were something that invisible man thought to be forbidden; they could be characterized as the forbidden fruit.Invisible man saw a blonde white woman at the Battle Royal who was beautiful in his eyes. Unfortunately, he could stare at her all he wanted but couldn’t touch the white woman. At the end of the novel he decides to use Sybil for his own greed, later he feels guilty and calls what he did a sin. It seems that in the novel white w omen are presented with higher regard than black women. During incidences in the novel white women were usually there to help invisible man with his journey to figure out who he is. They are given roles that are basically more important than the black women in the novel; but this is not always true.In the novel he was saved by a white girl during his eviction speech, a white women seduced him when she lied about having problems with the Brotherhood and a white woman saved him when he was made to sing for the white people. Women characters are given minor roles compared to invisible man and lead him on his journey in the novel. Sybil was the women that invisible man decided to use for his own intentions. Sybil showed to have stereotypical opinions about black men and invisible man understood what type of women she was.Invisible man decided that she was perfect to take advantage of because she was lonely when the Brotherhood took a lot of time. Sybil is a very weak woman and needs cer tain attentions in order for her to be completely satisfied. Invisible man strived to improve himself in the novel, which Sybil failed to do. He seeks out and â€Å"chooses to use Sybil precisely because she is â€Å"lonely,† â€Å"misunderstood,† â€Å"neglected,† and â€Å"wistful† (Sylvander 78). Invisible man manipulates this woman and takes advantage of her. In this sense Sybil is stereotyped as a weak woman who doesn’t improve herself.There was also another women whose husband was a member of the Brotherhood; even though she didn’t believe in the Brotherhood. She was interested in satisfying her emotional needs and tricked invisible man in coming over by saying she had questions over the Brotherhood. Invisible man portrays white women in the novel as beautiful and sensual; black women fail to have these characterizations. Black women in the novel such as Mary are limited to being caretakers and serving without the beauty that he chara cterizes the white women with. Invisible man presents the way black women were viewed in society compared to white women at the time.The women who lived with Trueblood, Kate and Matty Lou, lived a harsh life and experienced no happiness. Trueblood impregnated his own daughter, which shows how horrible women were treated in this novel. Trueblood tries to explain what he had done and how he tried to move without moving; a mere excuse for his actions. Mary played a significant role in the novel because she was the main character who helped invisible man find his identity. Unfortunately, in order to truly find himself the narrator had to leave Mary. Mary immediately came to his rescue after he was released from the hospital.She was a mother figure in invisible man’s eyes who agreed to nurture him until he could support himself. This is proof that women in the novel were given minor roles . Invisible man uses Mary until he leaves her for the Brotherhood. But it was Mary’s l ectures of leadership and helping the society that drove invisible man to the Brotherhood. Mary was â€Å"something out of my past which kept me from whirling off into some unknown which I dared not to face† (Stanford 29). The women in this novel basically helped the speaker find himself in society. The black and white women in the novel gave to the speaker and helped him throughout the novel.They are not unimportant in the novel but do not play any major roles as human beings. The narrator’s opinion regarding women always focuses on their physical appearances, which supports how he thinks they are no more than how they look or make him feel. The women never make their own decisions and only act out to help the narrator in his actions. Ellison’s invisible man does minimize the female experience by not having a main female character. There is an absence of female perspective in all decisions made about invisible man. Invisible man silences the voice of women and stereotypes them in the novel.

Inherit the Wind Essay

Inherit the Wind â€Å"Here in Hillsboro we are fighting the fight of the Faithful through-out the world! † (53) Inherit the Wind is the epic legal drama, written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, of a controversial subject: creationism versus Darwinism. Hillsboro is extremely determined to defend creationism. Though fictional, Inherit the Wind is based on the Scopes Trial, which occurred in July of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee.The play was published in 1957, a period of time where people, especially those of Hillsboro, the small town in which the play is set, were only allowed to teach the theory of creationism; teaching evolution was against the law. The people of the town were extremely religious. To not believe in the bible or attend church would result in being shunned by Hillsboro. In Inherit the Wind, the attitude of Hillsboro subtly changes throughout the course of the trial of the young schoolteacher who purposely broke the law.The town reflects the fiercely religiou s and biased views collectively shared by its people, such that it becomes an important character in itself. The changes in the town’s attitude are small, evident by certain individuals within the town learning to open their minds and accept the theory of evolution. Before the trial of Bert Cates, the attitude of the town is reflected by its behavior towards Bert Cates, Henry Drummond, and Matthew Harrison Brady. Bert Cates is a schoolteacher who was imprisoned for teaching evolution to his class, something Hillsboro considers to be very wrong.Rachel Brown is the daughter of the Reverend, and though she tries to defy her father and his views, even she sides with Hillsboro and does not understand â€Å"why [he] can’t be on the right side of things† (8). The â€Å"right side† is Hillsboro’s side; the only â€Å"right† answer is in the bible. Because Hillsboro is so close-minded, it refuses to accept any other theories or opinions. It wants Cat es to be found guilty. It considers him a criminal for what he did; therefore, the bias against him is clear before the trial even begins.In turn, Hillsboro is equally unhappy with the defense attorney, Henry Drummond. Drummond is a renowned lawyer who is described as â€Å"the most agile legal mind of the Twentieth Century† (22). He has the ability to win the case, something Hillsboro assumed would not to be done. Reverend Brown calls him the â€Å"Devil† (25) because â€Å"[one] looks into his face, and [wonders] why God made such a man† (25). Given this description, Hillsboro assumes it to be true and treats him as though he is evil. Hillsboro thinks Drummond does not believe in God because he has won cases where the defendants were clearly guilty.Hillsboro knows that Drummond is an excellent lawyer, and with him defending Cates, the trial could have a remarkably different result from what Hillsboro was expecting. By calling him the â€Å"Devil†, Hills boro is able to turn its people against Drummond. However, the attitude Hillsboro displays towards Matthew Harrison Brady is completely opposite. The famous lawyer is the lead prosecutor for the trial of Bert Cates. Hillsboro worships Brady; he is devoted to the bible, believing â€Å"all the answers to those questions are in the Bible† (34) and that evolution is nonsense.Hillsboro is overjoyed, and rather star struck to have him in town. All of Hillsboro gathers to welcome Brady with a feast and frequently sings, â€Å"It is good enough for Brady† (17). The difference with which Hillsboro treats Brady compared to Cates and Drummond is colossal. Everyone is completely taken in by his charm and presentation; each hang on every word he says. Before the trial begins, Brady already has Hillsboro on his side. With the negative attitude Hillsboro displays before the trial, how could Bert Cates stand a chance against their bias and closed minds?Throughout the trial of Bert Ca tes, the behavior and bias Hillsboro had previously displayed, remains, and escalates, to the point where even Brady feels uncomfortable. The meaning of religion to Hillsboro is reflected by its people, shown by the answers and opinions given by the potential jurors. The members of the jury were selected by Drummond and Brady, both of whom had to agree upon the individual in order for them to serve as a juror. Brady does not care whether it is a fair trial; he only wants to win.This could be almost guaranteed as the jurors are all members of Hillsboro and many seem to â€Å"believe in the Holy Word of God †¦ and Matthew Harrison Brady† (36). It is impossible to have a fair trial for Bert Cates when the jury members are all chosen from Hillsboro, thus it is clear they do not want Cates to stand a chance. A message from Reverend Brown to Hillsboro further illustrates this. At the end of the first day of the trial, the Judge announces â€Å"there will be a prayer-meeting t onight on the courthouse lawn, to pray for justice and guidance†(42), a message Reverend Brown asks him to relay.The judge seems to see nothing wrong with doing so, demonstrated by his reaction to Drummond’s objections. Clearly the judge does not care about the fairness of Cates’ trial, as he openly announced a meeting to pray for a guilty verdict. There were no evolutionist meetings being held, as Drummond pointed out. The only option Hillsboro gives is to believe in the bible. The degree of the importance of religion to Hillsboro is revealed during the prayer meeting. Reverend Brown becomes very passionate and eventually deranged when telling Hillsboro how God supposedly created the world in seven days.Hillsboro, in turn, reacts fervently, screaming and roaring â€Å"Hosannah! Bless the Lord who created us! † (57) And â€Å"Amen, amen! † (57). The Reverend goes on further to directly talk about Cates, asking Hillsboro â€Å"Do we call down hellfi re on the man who has sinned against the Word† (59), which Hillsboro agrees with, encouraging the Reverend to continue in his rant, and ask God to have Cates’ soul â€Å"writhe in anguish and damnation† (59). It is at this point in time that Brady realizes the extent Hillsboro is willing to take religion.Hillsboro would have Cates sent to Hell and eternally damned because he chose to teach evolution. As much as Brady is a religious man, even he believes Hillsboro has gone too far. The trial of Bert Cates has illuminated how religious Hillsboro truly is and how the opinion of a few people can impact an entire town. After the trial of Bert Cates, there is a small, but nevertheless definite, shift in attitude of Hillsboro, demonstrated by the outcome of the trial and individual character changes.Bert Cates is the first person in Hillsboro to dare oppose the law against evolution; this is the first step in bringing about the change. Although his actions are technical ly wrong, Cates believes he did the right thing and refuses to stand down. Even the woman he loves, Rachel Brown, begs him to â€Å"tell ‘em it was all a joke† (7), and though he wavers, he sees the trial through to the end. Cates opens the door to a different side, one which most of Hillsboro has never even considered, at least not openly.Though Hillsboro may not accept or like evolution, the town was forced to contemplate the idea of it because of the trial. Rachel Brown is the Reverend’s daughter, and throughout the play, struggles to stand up to her father; the conclusion of Cates’s trial allows her to find the courage to finally do so. Rachel is terrified to show her support of Cates for fear of her father. Reverend Brown answers Brady’s question â€Å"My daughter will be pleased to answer any questions about Bert Cates† (22).Before the trial begins, Rachel refuses to stand up for herself or answer for herself. She begins to oppose her f ather, when she jumps on stage and implores her father â€Å"[not to] pray to destroy Bert! † (59), during the prayer meeting, something she could not have done at the beginning of the play. She has had creationism enforced upon her for her whole life, yet Cates’s trial opens her mind to evolution, when Drummond questions Brady on how the World could possibly have been created in Seven days. The trial also gives her the strength to stand up to her father.A change in the attitude of one person can have a significant impact on the people around him, especially in a town as small as Hillsboro. Rachel cannot have been the only person in Hillsboro to doubt creationism after the trial; however, if she were, her new outlook would surely inspire those surrounding her. The result of the trial plays a key role in the change of Hillsboro’s attitude. Although the jury finds Cates guilty, his punishment is only a five hundred dollar fine. This case turned into something much bigger than just a small town case; the entire state was waiting with baited breath to hear the results.Yet after all the fuss and trouble that was made about this case, to fine Cates only five hundred dollars is astounding, especially considering Hillsboro wanted to have Cates’s soul â€Å"writhe in anguish and damnation† (59). The jury is made up of biased people who were completely close-minded to begin with, but Drummond is able to convince Hillsboro to slightly open its mind, which is an incredible accomplishment. Although Cates technically lost the trial, it should be considered a victory. In Inherit the Wind, the attitude of Hillsboro subtly changes throughout the course of the trial of the young schoolteacher who purposely broke the law.The town reflects the fiercely religious and biased views collectively shared by its people, such that it becomes an important character in itself. The changes in the town’s attitude are small, evident by certain individ uals within the town. The people of Hillsboro are extraordinarily similar. They all think, feel, and act the same way. There are few individuals who stand out in the town, as most are from the same cookie-cutter mold. Because the people are so alike, they are able to blend into one character that represents all of them.As a result, the town becomes a vital character to the story. Hillsboro is willing to send a schoolteacher to jail for voicing his opinions, because he goes against what the town collectively believes to be â€Å"right†. Through the course of the play, we are given insight into how much religion can mean not only to one person, but an entire town, and the lengths a town is willing to go to prevent change. Setting this play in a different town, one without the same religious beliefs, would alter the story immensely; in fact, the entire trial may not have occurred.

Memoirs

Anne Frank is the best known of these two people, far more than Romeo Dallaire. Her struggle for survival and her eventual plight of death in a concentration camp have awed the world for the last sixty years. Just a young girl who had the rest of her life to look forward to and her youthful plans for that life that were snuffed short by a war machine and the hatred of a man she would never see, Adolph Hitler. Hitler’s madness and his intricate hatred for followers of the Jewish faith subsequently brought a halt to millions of lives of people that had never seen him, known him or would have ever harmed him. His fanatical crusade for the â€Å"Arian† race to populate the world and do an ethnic cleansing of any other race, creed or religion created one of the most horrendous and infamous atrocities in world history, the Holocaust. Everyone who has ever read Diary of a Young Girl could not help but be moved by Anne Frank’s courage and optimism during her enforced hiding with her family and the other residents in that attic as she tried to maintain hope in the ominous face of an adverse society that had invaded her native country. It is truly amazing how she managed to maintain her sanity and her outlook on life through such a horrific ordeal. Just fifteen years old with very little experience at life, she seemed to possess a profound ability to see things as they â€Å"really were† and not as she or the others would have wished them to be. Yet, it did not seem to quell her belief that there was good in people and that only a few were responsible for the misery that is often imposed upon others simply because of another’s beliefs or policies. It has to make one wonder if it were not partly because it was a more innocent time in the world when children were not constantly besieged by violence, crime or prejudice. Though probably one of the world’s most famous victims of prejudice, Anne Frank maintained that innocence through her whole life. She was a child caught in a nightmare not of her own making and she along with millions of others suffered because of that nightmare. Romeo Dallaire was a military man that by choice involved him in these types of matters. A Canadian Major General, Dallaire, headed a small United Nations peacekeeping force, UNAMIR, in Rwanda, Africa. Horrible atrocities became evident to him and he set out to appeal for help in these murders that were so ethnic in nature. It involved a conflict that the ruling regime, the Hutu, had begun mass massacres of the Tutsis, a different sect within the country. It was totally classified as ethnic in policy. When Dallaire faxed for advice in 1994, his fax was treated with little or no attention. The United Nations refused to acknowledge it as genocide and would not allow Dallaire to do anything beyond the regular rules that his small military unit was allowed to pursue. Dallaire had to sit back helplessly and watch this atrocity go unchecked. Unlike Anne Frank, he was not a personal victim but he was just as helpless in changing the effect of what was happening. In his writings later, Shake Hands With The Devil, Dallaire expounded on the ineffectualness of Genocide Committees, such as the UN had, when it was doubtful if a particular action within a country can be termed as ethnic genocide. Time has proven constantly that other countries or even the United Nations in these more modern times are extremely hesitant to act despite sometimes often insurmountable proof that ethnic cleansing is occurring and it should be stopped immediately. So what similarities would be between Anne Frank and Romeo Dallaire? They both wrote important works on the results and after effects of ethnic cleansing and genocidal war. Anne Frank’s viewpoint came from an innocent bystander. Her only crime? She was a Jew. She had led a quiet gentle life within a loving family structure and she was only aware of the persecution of the Jewish population by what was happening around her. Once in seclusion, her writings intensified as she grew more and more aware of the plight of other people and of her childhood friends and their families either frantically trying to escape or captured by the Nazis and sent to the concentration camps where most of them never returned. Her diary, which she referred to as â€Å"Kitty†, was begun before she and her family were forced into hiding. It shows all the normal qualities of a young girl her age. Her young hopes and dreams and the beginnings of puberty. Her delightful and expectant views of what life would be like when she was grown were the strongest proof of her innocence. She was a friendly, astute and open person and those qualities did stand her in good stead while she remained in hiding for two years. She managed to maintain a very mature calm while some of the older adults around her were literally â€Å"falling to pieces.† She seemed to rise above the petty squabbles and accusations that formed when so many people are crammed into such close quarters for so long. She tried not to dwell on the lack of food, fresh air, or miserable living conditions that she existed in but instead took a very philosophical point of view of what was happening around her and to her. Her incredible courage has inspired people constantly through the years since her untimely death and the publication of her diary. She very clearly knew the difference between right and wrong. Through her diary, she made a world wake up to how quickly one group can impose its values on another and if the imposed group refused those values, then violence and mass death could erupt from it. To quote the old phrase â€Å"Out of the mouths of babes†, whether trite or not, in this instance, a child taught an adult world what was wrong with prejudice, stupidity and the aggressiveness of war. Romeo Dallaire’s own writings have been a good source for endless purposes as far as a teaching and informative guide to how not to miss the very clear signs of ethnic war. Because Dallaire’s hands were tied in the military sense and the United Nations’ refusal to act upon his advice from the situation that eventually escalated into a full scale war. Dallaire is often quoted by writers on war and genocide because his graphic description of how the massacring of the Tutsis people in Rwanda should have been clear warning signs of what was going to happen. It is one thing to set of councils against genocide but to refuse to act upon situations that fall under the jurisdiction of these councils is almost as heinous as the very acts of war themselves. In an odd comparison, Anne Frank and Romeo Dallaire were exactly alike as they were both witnesses to these atrocities and they were both completely helpless to do anything to stop them outside of writing about them. It is perhaps some comfort that through both of their written observations, we, as a world, are better able to see the fallacy in these types of confrontations and hopefully in the future, take more steps to insure that they never happen again. Works Cited/ References: 1.How to Prevent Genocide: A Guide for Policymakers, Scholars, and the Concerned Citizen by John G. Heindenrich, Praeger Publishing, 2001 2. The Door of Opportunity: Creating a Permanent Peacekeeping Force:   Journal Article by Lionel Rosenblatt, Larry Thompson, World Policy Journal, Vol. 15, 1998 3. Understanding Anne Frank’s the Diary of A Young Girl, A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents by Hedda   Rosner Kopf, Greenwood Press, 1998 4. Anne Frank: The Biography: Magazine Article by Martyn Bedford; New Statesman, Vol. 129, April 2, 1999

Intellectual Disabilities and its categories Essay

Intellectual Disabilities and its categories - Essay Example The outcome is severe personality disorder followed by lack of communicational skills. Such patients possess attitude problem like speech disorder, mental disorder and are often tended towards what we call as 'roller coaster of thoughts'. However, the dilemma remains that this lifelong disease is responsible for conducting many suicidal behaviors, mood instabilities and frustration causing serious crime and is still not given that much attention as it supposed to be given. Siever et al describes Schizotypal disability as a disorder, which shares common phenomenological, genetic, biologic, outcome, and treatment response characteristics with more severely ill chronic schizophrenic patients. (Siever & Davis) However, at the same time, they are freer from the multiple artifacts that potentially confound research in schizophrenia including the effects of long-term and usually ongoing medication treatment, multiple hospitalizations or institutionalization, and prolonged functional impairment secondary to chronic psychosis and social deterioration. (Siever & Davis) Genetic Factors: Studies have shown that that if one person has schizophrenia, the chance for another person also sharing the disorder depends on the degree of genetic relatedness between them. For example if one twin has schizophrenia, the chance that the co-twin will also have schizophrenia is around 18% if they are non identical twins but 48% if they are identical twins as identical twins share 100% of their genes. (Rapee, 2001:22) Neurotransmitters/ Disconnection Syndrome: The biological models of schizophrenia emphasize neurochemical dysregulation or anatomical changes in the brain. The most widely disseminated and thoroughly developed biological theories include the neurotransmitter model. (Beebe, 2003) The cause of Schizophrenia is followed by one of the most widely accepted theory named "Dopamine Theory". This hypothesis states that schizophrenia can be understood in cognitive terms, as a failure of functional integration within the brain. Functional integration refers to the interactions of functionally specialised systems (i.e., populations of neurons, cortical areas and sub-areas) that are required for adaptive sensorimotor integration, perceptual synthesis and cognition. (Friston, 2002) According to this theory, most of the symptoms of schizophrenia are the result of having excessive levels of dopamine, especially in the mesolimbic pathways of the brain. (Carson & Sanislow, 1993) Several sources support this theory. First many of the drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia seem to work primarily by blocking certain dopamine receptors in the brain. Second certain drugs that have been found to increase levels of dopamine in the brain also produce symptoms that are very similar to those found in schizophrenia. An appropriate example is the

Marketing Mix and Product Life Cycle Coursework

Marketing Mix and Product Life Cycle - Coursework Example From this discussion it is clear that the pasteurized goat milk exhibits superior market mix characteristics. First, the product meets consumers’ needs. American homesteads need dairy products with low saturated fat, high calcium content and less allergies on their children; goat milk satisfy all these consumer demands. Secondly, dairy shops and local convenience stores are ideal places where consumers can purchase pasteurized goat milk. With respect to price, a liter of pasteurized goal milk retail at $3.75; hence the product is fairy affordable. In reaching consumers of all ages, social media platforms like Facebook is the main tool for promotion and advertising of the goat milk product. Technically, the product exhibits a strong market mix profile.This study discusses that  the market mix elements of product quality, pricing, promotion, and sales place offers an excellent and effective influence on marketing status of the pasteurized goat milk. Therefore, affordable prici ng, sales at local convenience stores, and promotion through social media channels will remain as the main marketing strategy for the product. However, specific adjustments need to be made, particularly on aspects of people and marketing process. A preferable niche market for the pasteurized goat milk comprise of mostly parents and the elderly. Unfortunately, most parents and elderly citizens are not active on marketing platforms like social network sites.

Sociology Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Sociology Dissertation - Essay Example This research study proposes to examine the rising incidence of obesity within a social and environmental context by applying sociological theories. Where obesity is concerned, the media has been attributed a significant proportion of the blame, because it propagates a sedentary lifestyle which contributes to obesity. In addition, unhealthy foods are advertised on TV, as a result of which children are influenced into unhealthy eating patterns from childhood, which in turn lead to obesity. Since obese children are likely to grow into obese adults, this research study will focus on the impact of the mass media in contributing to obesity in children and influencing their body image. The Dissertation will be divided into four chapters. The first chapter will provide a general introduction to the study, the methods used and limitations. The literature review till comprise the second chapter. The third chapter will describe the methodology used and the fourth and concluding chapter will present the results that are obtained. Broadly, the subjects to be covered in this study include the causal factors in obesity and suggestions that have been made by researchers to deal with the problem. Sociological theories will be assessed and the most relevant ones will be applied to the problem of obesity. Media theories will also be examined in the literature review, to the extent that they may be relevant in the context of obesity. Research carried out by other researchers into the impact of the media and its influence on eating habits, especially on children will also form a part of the literature review. Examining the impact of social and environmental factors on obesity is a broad ranging issue, which may not lend itself to adequate coverage within the scope of this limited study. Therefore, it is proposed to narrow down the scope of the study to obese children and

Money as Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Money as Debt - Essay Example But as soon as people realize this a protection right has been created which limits banks money making called â€Å"9 to 1 Fractional Reserve System†. Basically, if the bank has $1K cash with them the they can lend up to $9K to borrowers based on the 1:9 fractional reserve system regulations. This does not mean that banks cannot limit the earning of money up to $9K. In reality, they can make money up to $90K which makes it 1 to 90 ratios. For instance, if the bank initially had $1K cash in possession, it means the bank can lend up to $9K to public. So, we can assume that if a person X takes the loan of $9K to buy a car from PersonY. Based on the person X’s promise to pay the money back, bank will create $9K cash and loan it to person Wythe tactical part is the Person Y will then deposits $9K in the bank. Based on the 9:1 federal reserved regulation, the bank can then reserve $900 ($9K/10) and loan out the rest which is $8100 ($90:$8100 =1: 9). Moreover, it moves on to the next loan. Transaction until the bank cant reserve money anymore. So the video explains how banks

Learning Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning Theory - Essay Example Kolb. However in the recent years the ways of learning given by Kolb have been amended and put into different forms. This essay would further analyze the different ways of learning in the light of the basic tool of Kolb. According to David A. Kolb individuals learn through four different styles. The styles followed by individuals are in accordance to the behavior exhibited by the individual. These four learning techniques not only apply to objective instances but also to practical ones. It helps to decide and take decisions accordingly in businesses and while leading. The learning ways given by Kolb have changed through out to give a better understanding to the learners. These can be divided into Activist, Reflective, Theorist and Pragmatist. People who tend to work out their role through experimentation are included in the group of Activists. Individuals in this group tend to play an active function to attain knowledge and produce effective results in accordance. As experimentation is the basis of this group it makes the individuals change the whole scenario of a certain theme. It can be said to be a disadvantage if used in an environment where theories and structure play a role. The main key to this type of learning is getting influence from others and then taking an action accordingly. Similarly this learning style can be an advantage if used at a place where individuals are more goal oriented. This learning technique can be made stronger if facts are used instead of direct experimentation. One can think properly before carrying out a certain step and this can make this learning style a perfect one. Furthermore this style is only welcomed at places where experimentation is recommended. Team work is usually preferred i n this type of learning technique as it would help the individual to take influence from others and work accordingly. Another learning way as described by Kolb is Reflective. In this type of learning one does not act or implement his thinking in the way it should be. He rather thinks and observes all the things thoughtfully for a long time. Clearing up of ideas and concepts is the basic theme in this type of learning. One is discouraged from carrying on the experimentation stage rather he is diverted towards learning and balancing concepts. In this type of learning one can evaluate a situation from all possible angles and can know better how it should be implemented in practice. However mostly they do not tend to carry out the experiments related to the concepts learned and assessed. These individuals tend to work in groups and are more diverted towards the field of arts.The third way of learning is known to be Theorist which deals with the individuals who tend to gather out facts arrange it and conclude accordingly. These types of individuals do not take into account the emotions and reality but r ather base their conclusions on theories. The practicalities of different situations are not taken into account by this type of learning individuals. These individuals are more diverted to abstract thoughts and do not pay heed to human factor i.e. the emotional factor. Most of the individuals who belong to this category may not do well in instances where the techniques are to be related to the humans or to the feelings of these human beings. Most of the people belonging to this group are more indulged in the field of science. The fourth and the last way of learning i

Remarriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Remarriage - Research Paper Example The divorce rate in the United States has been rising. One rough estimate suggests that almost half of all marriages in the United States result in divorce. But what is worth noticing is that many people try to find happiness and joy in their lives by getting remarried. One research, on the other hand, points out that people who undergo divorce will not be able to fully recover from the trauma that they face. The shock that people experience and its implications on their minds and body is immense and may repair but in the long run will surface one way or the other. People who go through a divorce find it incredibly excruciating to recover from the pain. In many cases, it can not only cripple a person financially, but also makes it tough to socialize. And these effects are apparent in a few individuals even when a person remarries as these instances remain like old scars. The research also pointed out that the people who have been divorced will be more prone to develop chronic conditi ons like health problems, obesity and diabetes and find themselves limited in movement compared to people who are still successfully married. It will be prudent to mention here that research done earlier has pointed out that marriage has been very beneficial to partners in terms of mental, physical and financial aspects. Therefore, by getting remarried men and women who have been divorced may not be able to recuperate from the pain and suffering they underwent from their divorce but they will be able to come back on the track of a healthy and productive life. This will ultimately help the children of the family as they will find the frustration that their parents felt vanish and find them more delighted and relaxed compared to when they were single (Park 2009). Remarriages are difficult for those families who have seen marriages dissolved abruptly. When a marriage is dissolved due to the death of one partner, it is often very hard to reconsider to remarry, let alone substitute the l ost partner. When the family has children, the situation becomes very complex. The reason is that children create bonds with their parents that cannot be easily substituted and also are very hard to replicate. After a parent’s death, children find themselves becoming defensive, protective and distrustful. In moments like, these jealousy and bitterness in children are often noticed not only against the new person trying to marry their parent but also against their parent as they feel that he or she is betraying their deceased parent. There is also another issue that results in children of mature ages. More research and study has been carried out on remarriages and their implication on children has been focused on smaller ages. But the effect of remarriage on adult children has been to some greater extent ignored. An adult child who has spent a considerable time with their parents is most reclusive and hesitant to greet a new parent into their lives after their parent’s death. The reason for this conflict is that children have to recognize that there are going to be new boundaries and there will be new traditions. Also they have to accept a new step parent into their house and see them where their own parents would eat or sit. It also brings out the conflict and the challenge to get everyone’s demands from the family to converge and coexist without any

International Trade Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade Laws - Essay Example This works for the higher competitive advantage of the national companies, and thus 'closing eyes' on the illegal actions foreign companies take abroad, as well as trying to sue them for the refund of the damages which national companies pay abroad, and which is often resolved for the benefit of the national company, is a means of fighting competition through the means and methods which are legal only on the surface. 'Competition law embodies an inherent conflict while protecting local consumers from monopolies, cartels and oligopolies - it ignores the very same practices when directed at foreign consumers'. (Francis, 1995) For example, even GATT /WTO rules allow the existence of the foreign trade cartels, and if the same actions would be considered to be illegal within the country, these actions are seen as proper and legal at the international level. (Mathis, 2002) It was interesting to note, that one of the literary sources recommends adoption of the claw back provisions for the poor countries, which would want to develop their export markets. These claw back provisions would allow local courts to refund any penalty payment put on the local company by a foreign entity for the violation of trade policies and using unfair methods of international trade. ... Let's have a closer look at the GATT International Antitrust Code, which has created the four main principles, violated through the use of claw back provisions. - National laws should be applied to solve international competition problems; - Parties, regardless of origin, should be treated as locals; - A minimum standard for national antitrust rules should be set (stricter measures would be welcome); and - The establishment of an international authority to settle disputes between parties over antitrust issues. (Tarullo, 2002) The use of claw back provision if the violation of the first noted principle - they are not crated in accordance with the international laws and they don not foster creation of the laws which would support competition on the international level. Moreover, 'parties, regardless origin, should be treated as locals'; however claw back provisions are clear examples of the absolutely opposite actions of the parties. Claw back provisions are often depicted as the best means of protecting the parties from the improper judicial treatment in the foreign country; however fighting illegal actions and unfair competition is possible only through the adoption and use of such fines and damage payments for the benefit of the party the rights of which were violated. According to the Havana Charter 1947, there is a list of actions which are supposed to be illegal and represent the moves of the unfair competition; among these actions are discriminating particular enterprises, excluding enterprises from a specific territorial market, etc. Claw back provisions, on the contrary give local (national) companies legal basis for unfair competition' actions in the foreign country through understanding that in case they are sued, their country of

1880 Halloween Riot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

1880 Halloween Riot - Essay Example The violence swelled with two or three thousand Colorado residents begun throwing bricks and breaking into Chinese owned establishments. The police was not able to stop the mounting riot due to its sheer number and they were tremendously outnumbered until finally, Chinese homes and business were destroyed by the angry mob despite the Mayor’s call for the mob to disperse. The riot culminated when they broke into Sing Lee’s laundry business where he was dragged down the street and was attempted to be hung on a lamp post. He eventually was beaten to death. Other Chinese nationals would have suffered the same fate but some residents were able to stop them. Police also kept the Chinese locked in their county jails to protect them from angry mob. When the mob was finally over, Chinese businesses and homes were destroyed and the people who were jailed for the killing of Sing Lee were acquitted for lack of evidence. Despite this, Chinese nationals remain in Colorado and rebuild their business and

Hamlet Monologue Analysis Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Monologue Analysis Essay The text to be or not to be by William Shakespeare refers to the paradox of life and death. He starts the poem by questioning himself: is it worth to exist or not, and by existing he is referring to the human ability of thinking; in the sense of: I exist because I can think. This issue is developed throughout the poem were the action of thinking deals with the decision of; should I live or not and it certainly becomes an obstacle to make that decision. In that sense the poem transmits that the innate human quality of thinking is what makes us weak instead of being a useful tool to make right decisions. In other words, despite we can perceive a solution to our problems (death), we are incapable of taking action (committing suicide) because we have the eternal problem of thinking. To be or not to be, that is the question this is the phrase that opens the poem, and in a sense, it is like a synthesis of what the author is going to explain later. He is referring to the verb to be practically the same as to exist. The question is: should I live? And by that he is considering that, by being humans, we have the ability to think. In some sort of way, Shakespeare is leading us to the paradox of life and death were human doubting is crucial in the understanding of the two, so there can be a decision. to die, to sleep, No more; and by sleep to say we end the heart ache and the thousand natural shocks that flesh is hair to: it is a consummation devoutly to be wished He is analyzing death and seeing it as the solution of the life he is living at the moment. In some way, he is confirming that being alive is a constant pain and so death is the unique pathway that would lead him to another life, a painless one. Thus the conscience does make cowards of us all, and thus the native hue of resolution is slicked oer with the pale cast of thought This is the fragment in which the poem determines the reason why Hamlet havent decided yet nor taken action. This is the fragment were Shakespeare blames human thought for it being an obstacle when there is a decision to make, more precisely: human doubting explores the possible consequences of each action we are about to make, and by knowing them, we soon get afraid of our destiny  and of the unknown circumstances that will surrounds us later. Is an outlook to the future that force us to think back constantly. The doubt and the cowardness do not lead us anywhere. The text can be related to my life in the sense that it is the perfect explanation of the reason why we are afraid of making decisions. Every decision is premeditated and that is why we are uncapable of taking action. Besides, I believe that this reasoning of human thought as an obstacle when it comes to make a decision, applies to our daily life; We give up opportunities because we take a long time thinking, and that certainly is a huge obstacle to clarify our minds and make the right determination.

Comparison of Lip Prints, Palatal Rugae With Blood Groups

Comparison of Lip Prints, Palatal Rugae With Blood Groups Title of the article: Comparison of lip prints, Palatal rugae with blood groups in Karnataka and Kerala Population Abstract Background: In the literature there is no data for the study done to compare lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups. Correlating lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups may be valuable in forensic science in precise identification of an individual than by means of lip prints or palatal rugae only. The present study was done to establish the allocation of different lip print patterns and palatal rugae among the subjects having diverse ABO and Rh blood groups in Karnataka and Kerala Population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised a total of 100 subjects, which included 50 Kerala and 50 Manipuri subjects in the age group of 17-21 years. All the individuals’ lip prints, palatal rugae and blood groups were studied. Statistical comparison between the groups was done by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for small samples. Results: Type 2 was found to be the predominant lip print pattern (45%) in both the populations. The major rugae shape in both the populations was wavy pattern and less commonly curved and straight. Left side of the palate showed relatively more number of rugae. Blood group A showed highest Type 3 lip print, B showed Type 2 pattern, AB showed Type 1 and Type 3 patterns and O showed Type 2 patterns. In Blood group A, curved palatal rugae were predominant whereas in blood group B, AB and O wavy patterns were predominant. Conclusion: In the present study it is noted that there is no association between lip prints and blood groups. However comparison of palatal rugae with blood groups showed a statistically significant difference. Thus our present showed a correlation between palatal rugae and blood groups. Key words: Blood groups, Kerala Population, Lip prints, palatal rugae, , manipuri Population. Introduction It is based on scientific principles, largely involving dental records, fingerprints and DNA comparisons. At times, it becomes essential to apply slighter known and remarkable techniques like cheiloscopy and palatoscopy. Lip prints and palatal rugae patterns are found to be unique to an individual and therefore embrace the possibility for identification.1-3 Lip prints are common lines, fissures in the appearance of wrinkles and grooves seen in the zone of transition of lip in the middle of the inner labial mucosa and outer skin. Cheiloscopy (from the Greek: cheilos -‘lips’ and skopein ‘to see’) is the given name to the lip pattern studies.3 It is probable to identify that lip print patterns form as before sixth week of uterine life. Since that instant on, the lip patterns hardly ever modify, resisting many afflictions and therefore lip prints assist as a means in human identification. Yasuo Tsuchihashi considered the lip prints of 757 males and 607 females of Japanese subjects and classified them into six types based on shape and way of the grooves.1, 4 Palatal rugae, in adding together are unique to an individual, protected from trauma by their internal location in the head. Once shaped, rugae do not go through any changes with the exception of length, due to regular growth, enduring in the same arrangement right through the complete person’s life. Diseases, chemical violence or trauma do not appear to change the palatal rugae form.5 The purpose of palatal rugae patterns intended for personal recognition was foremost suggested by Harrison Allen in 1889. Thomas and Kotze in 1983 detailed the various patterns of palatal rugae and classified based on the shape, unification, direction, and length.6 In the literature there is no data for the study finished to compare lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups. Correlating lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups may be valuable in forensic science in precise identification of an individual than by means of lip prints or palatal rugae only. The present study was done to establish the allocation of different lip print patterns and palatal rugae among the subjects having diverse ABO and Rh blood groups in Karnataka and Kerala Population. In our study we have also searched for the predominant lip print type and palatal rugae patterns among the persons from Karnataka and Kerala states in India. Material and Methods Subjects The total sample consisted of 100 BDS students studying in Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, involving of 50 subjects (25 male and 25 female) from Karnataka and 50 Kerala subjects (25 male and 25 female), in the age group ranging between 17-21 years. Approval of all the individuals and ethical clearance was also obtained to conduct the study. Each individual subject lip prints, palatal rugae and blood groups were studied. Recording the lip prints Lips free from some pathology, having extremely normal transition zone linking the mucosa and the skin were incorporated in the study. Lips of the subjects were cleaned and lipstick was applied all over the lips. Lip ‘impressions’ were traced in the usual rest place of the lips by applying a ribbon of cellophane tape which is 10cm long. The cellophane strip was consequently fixed on to the white chart paper for everlasting documentation and then the recorded lip prints be visualized with a magnifying lens (Figure 1). Examination of the lip prints Each individual’s lips were divided into 4 compartments and seen for the type of lip print in each compartment (Figure 2). Recording the palatal rugae Alginate impressions of only maxillary arch was prepared and poured by means of dental stone. A dental plaster base was prepared and casts were conserved for analysis. The rugae patterns were traced on these casts using a sharp graphite pencil below sufficient light. The palatal rugae patterns were subsequently explored on these casts with the facility of magnifying lens (Figure 3, 4). Recording the blood groups Each subjects blood groups were evaluated by inserting a drop of blood on the slide furthermore treated by means of anti-A and anti-B sera. Positive agglutination of the blood taking place on treating with anti-A is well thought to be blood group A, positive reaction with anti-B is deliberated as blood group B, if no agglutination is created subsequently the blood group is O and if agglutination is observed with both anti-sera at that time blood group AB is considered. In the same way, positive agglutination response with Rh antigen is well thought to be Rh positive or else as Rh negative. Statistical analysis The data was analyzed for percentage proportions and compared. Statistical comparison between the groups was done by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for small samples. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 16.0 Results Lip prints Taken as a whole, not even one individual had a single kind of lip prints in all the compartments and no individual had an alike lip print patterns. When sex was assessed in both the populations combined, males demonstrated principally Type 3 lip print pattern (43%) whereas, females showed principally Type 2 (49%). Comparison of all lip print patterns among males and females using the chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference (Table 1). In the Karnataka population, Type 2 lip print pattern was set up to be largest (48%), followed by Type 3 (40%), Type 1 (8%) and Type 5 (4%). Type 1’ and Type 4 patterns were zero in Karnataka population. In Kerala population, Type 2 lip print pattern was established to be predominant (42%), followed by Type 3 (28%), Type 1 (26%) and Type 4 Type 5 (2%) (Table 2). When the overall patterns were evaluated in the entire study subjects (in both Karnataka and Kerala), Type 2 was found to be the majority of all lip print patterns having 45% in contrast to additional types of lip print patterns. The Chi-square test association of all lip print patterns between Karnataka and Kerala population revealed no significant differences except for Type 1 pattern (Tables 2). Palatal rugae The largest rugae shape in all populations was wavy pattern and smallest being curved and straight. However, wavy and curved patterns were predominant in Karnataka compared to Kerala population and whereas straight was slightly more in Kerala population. When unification of rugae was analyzed, diverging type of rugae pattern was predominant in both the populations. However no statistical significant difference was observed. On observing the direction of rugae, forwardly directed rugae were predominant than backwardly directed rugae in both the populations. Inaddition, forwardly directed rugae were more in Karnataka population than Kerala, whereas backwardly directed rugae were more in Kerala population than Karnataka. In Karnataka population left side of the palate demonstrated relatively extra number of rugae apart from right side, whereas in Kerala, right side of the palate showed more number of rugae (Table 3). Blood groups and Rh system Majority of the subjects (44%) in Karnataka population belonged to blood group A; followed by blood group O (34%), B (16%) and AB (6%). Whereas frequency of blood group O (50%) was higher in Kerala population followed by blood group B (34%), A (10%) and AB (6%). In Karnataka population 98% of subjects had Rh-positive factor and only 2% of cases belonged to Rh-negative factor. In Kerala population, 90% of subjects had Rh-positive factor. Comparison of all blood groups between both the populations showed a statistical significant difference only for A and B groups. Inaddition, there was no significant difference observed for Rh-positive and negative factor between both the populations (Table 4). Comparison of Lip prints and palatal rugae in relation to all blood groups Among Blood group A highest was Type 3 lip print pattern (44%), blood group B showed highest Type 2 pattern (48%), blood group AB showed highest Type 1 (50%) and Type 3 (50%) patterns and blood Group O showed highest Type 2 (55%) patterns. On statistical comparison between different lip prints in all the blood groups, no significant difference was observed. In Blood group A, curved palatal rugae (49%) were predominant whereas in blood group B, AB and O wavy patterns were predominant and was also statistically significant (P=0.02) (Table 5). Discussion In forensic identification, the mouth allows for countless possibilities. Compilation of data from bite marks, lip prints and teeth in crime scenes such as murder and rape be capable of playing a major role in criminal investigations. Rarely, noticeable or latent lip prints are established at a crime scene which can be recorded and contrasted with the prints of assumed persons and the donor is able to be recognized. The importance of cheiloscopy is associated to the information that lip prints are genetic, developed at 6th month of uterine life, are permanent, unchangeable after death also, and unique to an individual.2 In the literature, a number of researchers have worked expansively on lip prints, palatal rugae and blood individually for sex and population identification. In addition, there are no studies that compared lip print and palatal rugae with blood groups between two populations. Hence, in the present study an attempt is been made to contrast the lip print patterns and palatal rugae with blood groups in subjects from two different parts of India (i.e. Karnataka and Kerala). In the present study the majority lip pattern seen in males was type 3, and in females it was type 2. This was in accordance with Gondivkar et al.11 When the overall patterns were evaluated among in the entire study subjects, Type 2 was found to be the majority lip print pattern having 45% when compared to additional types of lip print patterns. These results were in accordance with Telagi et al.12, Patel et al.13 and Rastogi et al.2 Within the Karnataka population, Type 2 lip print pattern was established to be largest, followed by Type 3, Type 1 and Type 5. This was in contrast to the study done by Vahanwalla and Parekh in Mumbai, in which they found that type I was predominant.14 Verghese et al. has conducted a study of cheiloscopy in south Karnataka districts in India and showed that type 4 pattern was predominant in Karnataka population, in contrast to our study.1 Within Kerala population, Type 2 lip print pattern was established to be largest, followed by Type 3, Type 1 and Type 4 5. In contrast to our study, According to Verghese et al. Type 4 to be major in both the genders in Kerala population.15 Further, in our study, statistical association of all lip print patterns among Karnataka and Kerala population revealed no significant differences except for Type 1 pattern. The major rugae shape in both the populations was wavy pattern and less commonly curved and straight and which is in with Kapali et al.16 However, in our study wavy and curved patterns were predominant in Karnataka compared to Kerala population. Straight was slightly more in Kerala population than Karnataka population. In addition, in the present study, when unification of rugae was analyzed, diverging type of rugae pattern was predominant in both the populations. On observing the direction of rugae, forwardly directed rugae were predominant than backwardly directed rugae in both the populations. However, forwardly directed rugae were more in Karnataka population than Kerala, whereas backwardly directed rugae were more in Kerala population than Karnataka. When evaluated for the number of palatal rugae in Karnataka and Kerala population left side of the palate showed relatively more number of rugae. This interpretation was similar to Dhoke and Usato et al. who as well reported with the intention that right side of the palate had smaller number of rugae than the left side. This may be owed to the observable fact of regressive advancement, dominating the right side of the palate.10 Further in our study statistical analysis showed that there was no difference found in the total number of rugae seen for shape, unification, direction and side of the palate between the two populations. In the present study the predominant blood group among all the subjects was blood group O. These findings were similar to the results obtained by Bharadwaja et al.17, Rastogi et al.18. Majority of the subjects in Karnataka population belonged to blood group A, whereas the frequency of blood group O was higher in Kerala population. 98% of subjects in the Karnataka population had Rh-positive factor and 90% of Kerala population had Rh-positive factor. Comparison of all blood groups between both the populations showed a statistical significant difference only for A and B groups. Inaddition, there was no significant difference observed for Rh-positive and negative factor between both the populations. Frequency of type 3 lip print pattern was more in Blood group A. Distribution of Type 2 lip print pattern was highest blood group B and O. Further type 1 and type 3 were predominant in blood group AB. When comparison between different lip prints in all the blood groups was done, no statistical significant difference was observed. These results coordinated with earlier studies done by Telagi et al.12 Sandhu et al.19 and Verma et al.20 Coming to the palatal rugae distribution, curved rugae were predominant in Blood group A, whereas in blood group B, AB and O, wavy patterns were predominant. Further on comparison of different rugae patterns among different blood groups showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion In the present study it is noted that there is no association between lip prints and blood groups. However comparison of palatal rugae with blood groups showed a statistically significant difference. Thus our present showed a correlation between palatal rugae and blood groups. Further there are no studies available on palatal rugae comparison with blood group in English language literature search. Thus our study remains the first study to compare both lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups.

Partnerships and Limited Companies

Partnerships and Limited Companies The Partnership Act 1890 defines a partnership as the relation which subsists between people carrying on a business in common with a view of profit. (Alan Griffiths Stuart Wall) states This is a form of business relationship which is usually entered into by individuals who wish to take advantage of the combined capital, managerial skills and experience of two or more people.(p133) Definition of limited companies Limited companies are companies whose ownership is in the hands of shareholders who appoint directors to report at meetings, these meeting are often annual. The directors and managers are responsible for the day to day running of the business and then report back to the shareholders. There are two types of limited companies, Private Limited Companies (Ltd) and Public Limited Companies (Plc). These must issue a Memorandum of Association defining its relationship with the outside world and Articles of Association defining its internal government. Advantages of partnerships An advantage of a partnership compared to a limited company is that you can set up a partnership with any starting capital. With limited companies at least  £50,000 is needed. Globally, a partnership means less bureaucracy and a more flexible structure. For example, it is not required to hold formal board meetings annually or generally. This shows that this type of business is easier to run. Partners cant be expelled and can stop new incoming partners according to Partnership Act 1890, (Section25). This is in link with the changes in composition of the partners that imply a new firm to be created and the old firm can be dissolved if there are any changes. It also implies that incoming partners will not be liable for what occurred before they join, and outgoing partners for what occurred after they leave. There are no requirements to publish full financial details, so there is more privacy for partners. Finances only need be declared for tax and VAT. Another key advantage is that co sts, risks and responsibility is shared between the partners, keeping the control of the company to a minimum. Disadvantages of partnerships The main disadvantage of a partnership is the unlimited liability of the debts. All partners are liable together for the debts and other liabilities of the firm. The liability applies to their private assets of the partners. (Business law, p88) There is no full insurance over on offer for professional liability claims. A partner is still liable after his death for the debts incurred by the firm while he was a partner and after his retirement if he did not notice his retirement in the London Gazette (business law, p88). The solution to this disadvantage is to be a limited partner and so the liability of the partner is limited for the debts of the firm (limited Partnership Act 1907). However one partner must be a general partner meaning this partner would be fully liable for the firms debts. If one partner does a wrongful act or an omission in the course of the business, the firm is liable for the wrongful act or the omission of the partner (Partnership Act 1890, section 10). Moreover there is no separate entity. According to the book Law for Business a partnership is not a legal person, though it may sue or may be sued in the firms name. Thus the partners own the property of the firm. (p624) Finally a partnership is not convenient for huge structure businesses, as disagreement between partners can cause difficulties in decision making. Advantages of Limited companies A limited Company exists as a legal entity in itself, separate from its owners and managers. Liability for debts is limited to the amount of issued share capital. Capon (2004 p16) Advantages of limited companies are that if Arkwright was to go for a Private Limited Company (ltd), then he would only need one director. If he were to go for a public limited company (plc) then the minimum would be two. An advantage of a limited company is the limited liability this would create. This shows that personal possessions of the owners are protected as they cannot lose more than they have invested. If Arkwright was to choose a private limited company, Arkwright would benefit from having a relaxed time limit in which he has to submit annual accounts to the Registrar of Companies. Another advantage of starting up a private limited company is that there is not a set amount of capital that the company has to start up with; it can be created on what Arkwright decides on. If Arkwright were to desire a private limited company, then there isnt a set of rules in the Companies Legislation that private limited companies are to comply with. There is however, for a public limited company. Lastly, a rather significant advantage of a public limited company is that, there is no limit in age in which Arkwright has to retire by. He can still be a director beyond the age of 70 and for as long after that as he wants. Disadvantages of Limited companies Ltds: A disadvantage of being a LTD is that you cannot sell shares on the London Stock Exchange to the general public, thus losing a large proportion of possible buyers. Shares can only be sold to relatives; which makes it harder for investors to get their money back if they want to sell shares. There is often only a limited amount of capital that can be raised from friends and family. Another disadvantage is that unless the founding member is the majority share holder they may loose control over the business. A. Griffiths and S. Wall. (2008 p135) PLC: There are many legal formalities that must be addressed before a PLC can start up, for example a solicitor must be paid to set the company up making it more expensive then a partnership or sole trader. The company must pay an auditor to check accounts independently to ensure the accounts are all in order to be viewed by the public and shareholders. All activities are closely monitored by company law, to ensure that company is making public every account it should. As the company must publish the accounts the company loses some privacy to competitors. Due to this there may be competition that offers a takeover bid, buying all the shares available on sale, and there is nothing the managers can do to stop this. One final main point is that the companies can become very large and bureaucratic. Poor communication often arises leading to inefficiency. The divorce of control and ownership causes problems with share holders and managers, as their goals/aims for the company may be quite different. CONCLUSION Each form of company has its strengths and weaknesses but according to its activity, its structures, etc each firm should find the form that suits best for its business. To our particular case, Arkwright should opt for a LLP, REASONS : References A. Griffiths S. Wall, Economics for Business and Management. Second Edition, (2008) K.Denis, Law for Business, published by Pearson education UK, (2006) D.Keenan, R.Sarah, Business Law, 8th edition, Pearson education UK, (2007) Limited Partnership Act 1907 Partnership Act 1890 section 10 and 30 Bibliography

Paidea and Identity Essay -- Philosophy Hobbes Papers

Thomas Hobbes, like Francis Bacon before him, disliked Aristotle and scholasticism. They were both quite familiar with the objects of their dislike, having encountered Aristotle and scholasticism first hand at Oxford University. Bacon later described his tutors as "men of sharp wits, shut up in their cells of a few authors, chiefly Aristotle, their Dictator." Bacon clearly saw the extent of new possibilities in thought. He held that Europeans of his time needed to sail beyond the Pillars of Hercules (the limits of ancient learning) into an ocean of new learning. Hobbes, for similar reasons described the universities as places for the production of insignificant speech. Locke also echoed this rejection of scholasticism and contempt for the universities. The purpose of this paper is to talk about this rejection and the ways in which the continuing revolt against university education by Hobbes and Locke has contributed to a new view of the self. Hobbes rejects the teleology of Aristotelian science. His view of man is shaped by Galileo's new insights about motion. His translation of the revolutionary doctrines of physics into claims about man and politics is a most remarkable piece of creative thinking. Life is not aimed at the attainment of the mature state of the species as Aristotle claimed. Man, like other physical objects, keeps moving until something (death, in the case of man) stops him. Yet the reaction to Aristotle and scholasticism was not a matter of simply rejecting the philosophy of Aristotle wholesale. The relation which philosophers had to Aristotelian ideas is much more complex. Philosophers quite typically would reject one piece of Aristotelianism but keep another. Part of the reason for this is that it is not easy... ...ump of matter to another, when the matter changes, so necessarily do the accidents which depend on it. Thus the ship of Theseus case Hobbes claims fits this model of individuation and not the first two. (10) Thus, Hobbes also can give an account of the trinity in terms of these definitions, and it is worth noting that most of the occurences of the term 'person' in the Leviathan are in the context of a discussion of the trinity. But, presumably Hobbes still regards God as a material body, and the three persons of the trinity as different representations in speech and action of that body. (11) John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Peter Nidditch, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1972. (II. xxvii. 6. 2-9) Pg. 332 (12) Ibid. (13) Ibid. (18-20) Pg. 332 (14) Ibid. (II. xxvii. 7. 23-24) Pg. 332 (15) Locke, op. cit. (II. xxvii. 9 21-28) Pg. 335

Paper About Life -- essays research papers

The Longman dictionary of American English defines life as, the force that enables us to continue. Life in my eyes is the interval of time between birth and death. Throughout life you will be placed in situations, and put to the test of time. There will be times when you are joyous, and times when you are sorrowful. This is the period of trial and tribulation. Face the fact life is hard. Being an adolescent, a person is premature to the world. The value of an inexperienced adolescent is meaningless, compared to a person who has more experience in life. When I was younger, I payed very little attention to the values of life of life. In my eyes, life was fun and games. I felt I would always be a child, and have the never-ending support of my parents. I knew I lived an untouchable life, until tragedy struck and changed my life forever. Just a few years ago, I was put through a very emotional stage of depression. At the young age of fourteen, my mother went into cardiac arrest. I remember having a horrible dream that specific night about a death in my family. I remember hearing the cries of my father and sisters. It was thoses very cries that awoke me from my sleep. At the time of my awakening, I was very confused. It was as if I was living out my dream. As I walked the hallway, I noticed some strangers were in my home. These strangers were wearing paramedic paraphernalia. Suddenly, my heart began to skip beats. I noticed that something was not right in my home. I followed th...

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Materialism Essay

Greek Philosophy: materislistic approach of the presocratics advantages and disadvantages The advantages and disadvantages of the materialistic approach of the pre Socratic philosophers. Please support your points by referring to the texts in Kirk and Raven, and discuss at least three philosophers . The pre Socratic philosophers marked an epoch in human ideas. Although it might seem stupid to suggest that everything is made of water or that the earth floats on a cushion of air, these ideas came from the people who are responsible for the way we see the world today. The advances that the materialistic approach of the pre Socratic philosophers made to humanities understanding of nature was considerable to say the least. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the materialistic approach of the pre Socratic philosophers. It will start by dealing with Thales who Aristotle called the first philosopher. He can be seen as the catalyst of philosophy in ancient Greece. The essay will also deal with Thales’s friend and student Anaximander time and finally it will discuss Heraclitus. But first a look at something at the cutting edge of modern science that the pre Socratics paved the way for. At a place known as Cern in Geneva there is a machine called a large hydron collider. A machine that is expected to detect the Higgs Boson or God Particle as it is often called. This is the only standard model particle not yet to be observed and one believed to explain the origin of mass in the universe. You might wonder how this ties in with philosophy in 624 B.C., but it was here that people began their search for the Higgs Boson, although we did not know it by that name at the time. It was the pre Socratics who suggested that there was a basic substance from which all things are made and they who tried to explain what this basic substance was. Considering the lack of facility in around 500 B.C. to experiment and find what this material is made of, it is nothing short of astounding to see how close to the truth some of these philosophers got by using reason and their intellect. The idea that there is a single substance out of which everything is sourced known as material monism. It claims that the source of nature is something  physical and that there is only one such thing. It was in Ionia that material monism began. The Ionians â€Å"Within the space of a century Miletus produced Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, each dominated by the assumption of a single primary material, the isolation of which was the most important step in any systematic account of reality†[1] The first of the Ionians was Thales of Miletus. The advantages of Thales’s materialistic approach were as follows: He revolutionised the way the ancient Greeks thought. He got them to recognize rational argument over all other sorts of authority and separated the natural world from the supernatural world.[2] Before Thales explanations of natural events were merited on aesthetic sensibility. The authorities for knowledge were poets like Homer who explained natural events with mythology. They claimed that divine muses inspired them and people believed that divine humanoid creatures known as the gods controlled nature[3]. Thales however understood that there were laws and routines that nature abided by and that events in the natural world could be predicted by observing the nature and using the information you receive understand it. Thales’s famous prediction of a solar eclipse convinced people to believe that there were patterns in nature which came about from natural events that could be rationalised. One of Thales main philosophical concerns was to find out what the basic substance of the world was. He believed it to be water. Why he believed this can only be speculated. We might see this as naà ¯ve but â€Å"From Thales onward, all inquiry into the nature of phenomena tended towards one end: The answer to the question, what is the nature of the whole? That is, what is the nature of the reality behind the phenomena? For Aristotle and therefore for us also, science and metaphysics begin together with Thales, the first man to have attempted to answer this question, and attempt an answer to this question, and therefore the first man known to have posed it†[4] To begin the search for a rational behind the natural world as Thales did was a giant leap for man kind. His ideas were refined by another Ionian who was probably a student of Thales. A man called Anaximander. Anaximander took the basic frame of Thales’s thought and put his own ideas into it. By this I mean he also believed that there was a source substance. However Anaximander’s materialistic approach had an advantage over Thales’s by â€Å"separating his explanatory entity from the entities that need explaining†[5]. Anaximander’s physis did not face some of the problems that Thales’s did, such as how is fire explained if everything is water? His explanatory entity was the focal point of his thought. He called it the unbound or apeiron. We cannot observe the Unbound but its existence Anaximander infers because of its explanatory role. This idea of the Unbound had solutions to two problems faced by Thales’s physis: 1) How does the basic substance give rise to the plurality of objects we observe around us? and 2)How does the world maintain itself?. His solution to problem 2) was: â€Å"the natural manifestation of physical law, imposing a lawfulness upon continually struggling opposites, and thereby maintaining equilibrium within the cosmos†[6]. And 1) â€Å"In Anaximander’s system the apeiron is both the source out of which everything derives and also the unifier within nature†[7]. I would like to also note startling evidence of Anaximander’s genius is his work in zoogony. â€Å"His intelligent observation that man (with nine months gestation and many years helplessness) could not have survived the primitive conditions without protection of some kind†[8] Shows for sight to Darwin’s theory of evolution. Heraclitus This essay will now deal with Heraclitus as his approach to answering what the nature of the universe was slightly different. The advantage of his philosophy was that it shed light on ideas that hadn’t been considered before. Heraclitus theory was that there was a law by which all things abided which he called the logos. He believed that everything was in opposition the strife between these opposites was what kept balance making all things one. He also claimed that everything was in a constant state of change, like a river is constantly flowing or in constant flux it is always the same river but always completely different. â€Å"Heraclitus’ thought possessed a comprehensive unity which seems completely new. Practically all  aspects of the world are explained systematically, in relation to a central discovery that natural changes of all kinds are regular and balanced, and that the cause of this balance is fire, the common constituent of things that was also termed th eir Logos.†[9] It is this idea of fire being that is the main disadvantage of Heraclitus’s approach. It is like taking a step forward with the logos and then going to steps back to the idea that one of the elements is the basis of all things. Although the idea of an all consuming fire does describe his Logos well it works better as a metaphor to describe the Logos than fire being the Logos itself. Conclusion To conclude the materialistic approach of the pre Socratics had many advantages. It was the catalyst for modern thought and it can be seen as the beginning of philosophy and science as we know it today. The use of rational argument over super-natural forms of authority showed that people’s thoughts could be progressed and altered by people to come after them. It is true that philosophy is a continuous dialogue that continues through the generations which has created a subject that can be said to define humanities search truth. The progression of thought because of this approach has lead to how we think today. The essay has outlined how Thales, Heraclitus and Anaximander made observations about the world that showed rational approaches to describe what the temporal world is. We still use this approach to find the Higgs Boson however we have the equipment to test our theories. It was a disadvantage of the pre Socratics that their theories were often far beyond their means of tes ting. But in conclusion the materialistic approach of the pre Socratic philosophers was a step in the right direction for philosophy. Bibliography: †¢ Kirk and Ravin, The Presocratic Philosophers A Critical History With A Selection of Texts (Cambridge University Press, 1957SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Presocratics.† SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/presocratics/ (accessed October 23, 2009) †¢ Kathleen Freeman The Pre-Socratic Philosophers A Companion to Diels, â€Å"Fragmante der Vorsackratiker† (Oxford Basil Blackwell 1946) †¢ Jonathan Barnes, The Presocratic Philosophers Vol. 1 Thales to Zeno (Routledge and Kegan Ltd 1979) ———————– [1] Kirk and Ravin, The Presocratic Philosophers A Critical History With A Selection of Texts (Cambridge University Press, 1957) .p.73 [2] SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Presocratics.† SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/presocratics/ (accessed October 23, 2009). [3] SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Presocratics.† SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/presocratics/ (accessed October 23, 2009). [4] Kathleen Freeman The Pre-Socratic Philosophers A Companion to Diels, â€Å"Fragmante der Vorsackratiker† (Oxford Basil Blackwell 1946) [5] SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Presocratics.† SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/presocratics/ (accessed October 23, 2009). [6] SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Presocratics.† SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/presocratics/ (accessed October 23, 2009). [7] SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Preso cratics.† SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/presocratics/ (accessed October 23, 2009). [8] Kirk and Ravin, The Presocratic Philosophers A Critical History With A Selection of Texts (Cambridge University Press, 1957) .p.142 [9] Kirk and Ravin, The Presocratic Philosophers A Critical History With A Selection of Texts (Cambridge University Press, 1957).p.212

Call If You Need Me Analysis

Call if you need me 1. Analyse the point of view. The point of view is based on the narrator written in a first person view talking the in the past. 2. Analyse the setting. The main characters in the story are Nancy and the narrator, Dan. The story takes place in Eureka in California. When the story takes place is unknown, but in the story it is common to have a car, so I am guessing that the story takes place somewhere in the present. 3. Give a character description of Dan and Nancy. Nancy is tall, long-legged brown woman with brown hair and eyes. She wants the relationship between Dan and her work, but somehow something keeps interfering.She is stuck in the past with the bad memories of Dan. There is no physical description of Dan, but he is also trying to make their relationship work. He is much more optimistic than Nancy. 4. Analyse the plot. The situation in this story begins with that their marriage is in trouble, so they are sending their son to work at a farm, while they try to work on their marriage. As they try to spend time together only focusing on themselves, they seem to be surrounded by good luck. But it leads to a disaster when Nancy starts crying while she is remembering the past.Dan tries to comfort her and telling that they will make it, but she is avoiding every opportunity. Then Dan sees some white horses in their yard and suddenly the Nancy’s mood started changing. She starts to see the light instead of being surrounded by darkness. As a result they got a fresh new start and he drives her to the airport, where she will go back home and she will be writing to Dan. In the when Dan comes back to the house and he immediately starts calling Susan, his ex-lover. 5. â€Å"I’ve missed you so much you’ve gotten lost somehow, I can’t explain it. I’ve lost you.You’re not mine any longer’’ Try to explain what Nancy means. Nancy has lost connection with Dan since their romance started to fade awa y. Perhaps she feels that she has lost to Susan. She envies Susan for taking Dan away from her. Now she is realizing it when she has a special moment with Dan. 6. A lot of things in the story are prophetic to the characters. Give examples. The story mentions the hummingbirds. Dan says that it is a good sign, he is not sure where he has heard it, but he is sure of it. Also a fisherman is wishing them good luck. 7. What does the white horses symbolize? Support your answer by quotes from the texts.I think that the white horses represent hope, faith and a fresh new start for their relationship. The color white purity, light, hope and a successful beginning. ‘’I don’t think they’ll bite,’’ ‘’They don’t look like the kind of horses that’ll bite†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It can be a symbol of hope for their marriage that there still is hope for them. 8. Why does Nancy feel elevated by the presence of horses? It can be because she is an animal lover or that she is living the moment, where nothing shall interfere her moment. She will not let Dan call the sheriff while she is living the moment patting the white horses. 9.In the ending we hear of a plane, hoof prints and a telephone. What do these things represent? The plane can represent the path Nancy is choosing and the hoof prints are traces of her, meanwhile the phone is the path Dan chooses. We do not know what happens after he called Susan. Perhaps he is going to call her and tell her that he is going to stay with Nancy or perhaps he will take the other path and go back to Susan. The telephone represents what path Dan is going to take. 10. The themes of the story might well be: Love and married life; infidelity; having to live up to ideals; being able to live in the moment.Choose the theme you find the most interesting, and show how the theme is expressed in the story. I think that the most interesting theme in this story is ‘’being able to live in the moment’’. You can clearly see that atmosphere is changing into romance in the story, when something good is happening, example: the white horses and when Nancy says ‘’I’m glad we’re here. ’’ I think that living in the moment is the most suitable theme in this story, because it makes them think a second time before getting a divorce, if they really want to stop seeing each other.

Regeneration’ and Kesey’s Essay

      However, McMurphy was only able to defeat the nurse from what he learned when she defeated him in his bid to change the television schedule. ‘Cheswick shows his hand higher and glares around. Scanlon shakes his head, and then raises his hand, keeping his elbow on the arm of the chair. And nobody else. McMurphy can’t say a word. ‘ In this defeat, McMurphy learns that he must convince the patients of an idea before being faced with the nurse; otherwise, the patients become frightened of her and lose their nerve. Once again, McMurphy attempted to change the TV schedule, but failed again due to technicalities such as the vote of the chronic patients, and the fact that the meeting had ended before McMurphy was able to get the majority vote so the motion was not carried. This incident formed a bond between the patients against the hospital staff, and they had gained an important ally in Dr Spivey, an unwary double agent. However, In Regeneration the patients of Craiglockhart do not treat staff as if they were afraid of them. The doctors and nurses of Craiglockhart are less authoritative and are lenient with the rules of conduct. ‘One of the VAD’s tugged at it. â€Å"There’s room for two in there,† she said, smiling, coaxing. â€Å"Have I to get in with you? â€Å"‘. The patients treat doctors with respect and are friendly towards other patients, however at times the patients appear to fear treatment. ‘†There’s no area of analgesia,† Rivers said to Sister Rogers. Prior snatched up the pad. â€Å"IF THAT MEANS IT HURT YES IT DID†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. On the other hand, in ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’ the patients treat nurse Ratched with minimal respect and some of the patients are very unprofessional in what they say and do to her and the other student nurses. It can be said that Craiglockhart is more civilised as a hospital, and nurse Ratched’s ward can be compared to a high school classroom where the patients are conspiring as to how they can defeat the nurse, similar to the way students may act together to outwit a teacher. Nurse Ratched constantly undermines her patients in front of one another to make them feel inadequate; almost emasculating them. ‘Right at your balls. No, that nurse aint some kinda monster chicken, buddy, what she is, is a ball-cutter. ‘ On the other hand, Rivers sees his patients as his equals and treats them with high regard, even though Rivers himself is more intelligent and qualified than almost all of the patients that he treats. Patients in Ratched’s ward also resent the ward itself and its confines, and wish they could escape the dreariness of it all. The irony of this is that most of the patients who complain are not committed and are only in the hospital voluntarily, so they could walk out of the door at a moment’s notice; however, the patients are unable to do this due to nurse Ratched making them feel inadequate and therefore unfit for society. When McMurphy discovers that it is the Nurse who decides how long a patient spends on the ward, he is beside himself with anger, directed mainly at the other acute patients for egging him along against the nurse, when all the while they knew that it would only get him committed for a longer period. Conversely, we are given the impression that all the patients at Craiglockhart are committed, however they all have the freedom to roam most of the institution and the outdoor facilities such as the golf course ‘Prior watched the amber lights winking in his beer. He was sitting in the shadowy corner of a pub in some sleazy district of Edinburgh. ‘ The patients are allowed to leave the hospital premises and are trusted to be responsible enough to return. In ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’, patients are not even allowed to leave the premises without an accompanied pass. This is needed in order for McMurphy to take a group of the patients and Dr Spivey, one of the resident doctors of the hospital, on a fishing trip later in the novel. The fishing trip was organised by McMurphy for a number of reasons that could only possibly be contrived by a person of sound mind. The first of these reasons is to deliver a blow to the nurse’s control over the patients and to show them that they are in fact free to do what they wish. His other incentives were money, which he acquired from the remainder of the funds from patients used hire the boat, and also the chance to spend some time alone with a woman who would be accompanying the men on the boat, something that we can presume McMurphy has not been able to do for a while now. During the fishing trip, we are able to see the effect of nurse Ratched’s enfeeblement of the patients when they enter the garage to buy fuel. The mechanics at the garage are taken aback by the sight of patients from a psychiatric institution, and the awkward exchanges between the doctor and the mechanics only make things worse. It is at this moment when McMurphy comes to the rescue of the patients and confronts the workers at the garage. ‘we’re every bloody one of us hot of the criminal-insane ward, on our way to San Quentin where they got better facilities to handle us. ‘ McMurphy lies and uses bravado to frighten the mechanics and empower the patients, who no longer feel as if they are the laughing stock of town and begin to order the workers around. This is an example of how mental illness is perceived in society at the time the book was set, and how the patients were able to overcome its stigma, if only for a short period. Their personal triumph was over once the patients had reached the fishing port and were confronted by sailors who took the opportunity to make suggestive jokes about the patients’ female companion, as they stood there helplessly, unable to defend her without the presence of McMurphy. In ‘Regeneration’, the reader encounters a similar stigma attached to mental illness. One particular case involves the character Prior, who is questioned about why he was not wearing his blue hospital badge. Prior retorts to Rivers’ question, stating that ‘I wasn’t wearing the badge because I was looking for a girl. Which – as you may or may not know – is not made easier by going around with a badge stuck on your chest saying I AM A LOONY. ‘ Prior assumes, perhaps from experience, that wearing his hospital badge would be a deterrent for women as nobody seems to jump at the opportunity to be involved with a mentally ill person. Another incident in involving the badge occurred with Sassoon when he went to the Conservative Club to meet Rivers. ‘looking at the young man in uniform evoked, and then – or perhaps he was being oversensitive? – with a slight ambivalence, a growing doubt, as they worked out what the blue badge on his tunic meant. ‘ Once again, the reader is presented with a situation in which people change their opinions when faced with an ‘outcast’ from society, someone who is irrational and is therefore supposed to be unacceptable to the general public. Near the end of ‘Regeneration’ Barker introduces another psychiatrist called Dr Lewis Yealland. He is similar to Rivers in that Yealland is also highly respected and acclaimed on his work; however, the underlying difference between the two characters is in the way they treat their patients. Where Rivers would tend towards having a conversation with the patient to solve the problem, Yealland prefers to cast a dominating presence to the patient, neglecting their views and suggestions. ‘†No†, Yealland said. â€Å"The time for more electrical treatment has not yet come; if it had I should give it to you. Suggestions are not wanted from you, they are not needed. â€Å"‘ Yealland does not allow patients to express themselves as he feels that any self-diagnosis by a patient is a threat to his judgement, and this is intolerable in his treatment. Yealland can be compared to nurse Ratched, in that both the characters require dominance in a situation and superiority over those under their jurisdiction. Another difference between Rivers and Yealland would be that Rivers, as mentioned before, endeavours to resolve the problem that the patient is suffering from, thus curing the patient of his illness, whereas Yealland merely addresses the symptom arising from the illness and treats the patient to rid them of this. He eradicates the symptom, while this is only the tip of the figurative iceberg, and neglects the patient’s psychological problem, which caused the symptom in the first place. In the novel, Yealland serves a larger purpose as a metaphor for the control that the government exerts over citizens, indifferent towards the voices of individuals, for example, the voice of Siegfried Sassoon, which was ignored and discredited by the government in the same way Yealland ignores and discredits his patients’ views. Yealland provides the reader with a clear, yet cleverly concealed allegorical view of the novel where the same concept is repeated for a greater effect on the reader’s opinion of both the presentation of mental illness and the way it is treated, and also the government’s approach to dealing with soldiers who cry out against the unjustness of war. Nearer the end of ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest’, McMurphy throws a party one night for his farewell as he plans to break out of the ward and make his escape that night. The party is not sanctioned by the nurse who has no idea of its taking place, so McMurphy knows that he must leave otherwise he will be punished severely for his actions. On the night of the party McMurphy organises for a girl to come onto the ward and make love to Billy Bibbit, making him lose his virginity. McMurphy’s plan of escape fails and the nurse returns in the morning to find the atrocities that have taken place on her ward. She confronts Billy Bibbit about his actions, and he seems confident, however once the nurse threatens to informs Billy’s mother of his wrong doing Billy breaks down and pleads with her not to do so. ‘†Nuh! Nuh! † His mouth was working. He shook his head, begging her. â€Å"You d-don’t n-n-need! â€Å"‘ Billy is so disturbed by the prospect of his mother finding out about his actions, that he takes his own life shortly after the nurse confirms that she will inform his mother. After this event, the ward changes dramatically. Patients who were not committed begin to leave; Sefelt, Frederickson, even Harding. McMurphy was taken away for a lobotomy, which succeeded in calming him down, but it did so to the point where he would not fit the description of a mentally ill patient, but more of a breathing corpse. The Chief cannot stand to look at this change in McMurphy so he resorts to suffocating him in order to put out his suffering once and for all. On doing so, the Chief escapes the ward by picking up the control panel in the tub room and throwing it through the window. This mirrors the event where McMurphy attempted to lift the control panel, the difference being that the Chief succeeded where McMurphy failed by learning from him. This event is a representation of the book as a whole, where one man’s titanic struggle and failure managed to stimulate another man’s will to live, and as one circle of life draws to a close, a new one begins. Emile Khan – 1 – Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Ken Kesey section.